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LGBT rights in Finland
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Finland have expanded in recent years but LGBT persons may still face some legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity have been legal in Finland since 1971 with "promotion" thereof decriminalized in 1999 and was declassified as an illness in 1981. Discrimination based on sexual orientation except in the area of marriage was criminalized in 1995 and discrimination based on gender identity in 2005.
Gender-neutral marriage should come into force in Finland on March 1, 2017 because President Sauli Niinistö signed the law to that effect on 20 February 2015. In July 2015 it was announced that the citizens' initiative ''Association for Real Marriage'' collected 50.000 signatures necessary for obliging Parliament to initiate a new debate on the law on marriage equality. The debate is to be held in autumn 2015.
Finland legalized registered partnerships in 2002, which gave same-sex couples all rights except adoption and surname, in vitro fertilization (IVF) was allowed for lesbian couples in 2007 and stepchild adoption became possible for all same-sex couples in 2009. Public support for a marriage legislation allowing all the same rights for same-sex couples as opposite-sex couples has grown gradually during the 2000s. Based on support by five of the eight parties in the Parliament elected in 2007, it was considered possible that same-sex marriage would be legalized after the 2011 parliamentary elections. It was speculated that the same-sex marriage issue would be a major theme,〔 however, in an August 2010 survey by Yle, only 20% of the respondents said the issue should be a major theme.〔 According to the voting advice application of ''Helsingin Sanomat'', 90 MPs of the current 200-seat Parliament elected in 2011 supported same-sex couples' eligibility for external adoptions, while 93 MPs opposed it. As a result of the Christian Democratic inclusion in the new government – the Christian Democrats' chairperson Päivi Räsänen became the Minister of the Interior, – a bill legalizing same-sex marriage was not included in the government platform. However, according to the Left Alliance, it was agreed upon during the negotiations on government formation that, if proposed by an individual MP, such bill would be endorsed by all the other parties in the government coalition (the National Coalition, Social Democrats, Left Alliance, Green League and Swedish People's Party). In March 2012, a bill to make the language of the Marriage Act gender-neutral – effectively, allowing gay marriage – was proposed to the Parliament, signed by 76 out of the 199 voting MPs during 2012. In February 2013, the bill was voted down by the Parliament's Legal Affairs Committee. However, the bill was submitted again in December 2013 to the Parliament as a citizens' initiative with over 160,000 signatories gathered from mid-March to mid-September that year, and it was approved by the Parliament in late 2014.
In addition to their marital aspects, other LGBT rights have been a matter of debate. A gay rights panel discussion aired on YLE2 on October 12, 2010, was followed by an unprecedented high number of people leaving the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland through a website. A person has the right to change his or her legal gender in Finland only if he or she is sterilized, which has been criticized by SETA as a violation of reproductive rights; in 2012, a possible change of the law was put under consideration by the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. In 2011, Pekka Haavisto, an openly gay member of the Finnish parliament, was nominated as the Green League candidate for the Finnish presidential election of 2012. In the first round of the election on January 22, 2012, he finished second with 18.8 percent of the votes, but in the run-off on February 5, he lost to the National Coalition Party candidate, former Finance Minister Sauli Niinistö with 37.4 percent of the votes. In December 2013, the Finnish Medicines Agency changed its rules on blood donations, repealing a permanent ban for men who have had sex with men (MSM) and setting a one-year deferral.
==History==
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